Experiment
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variables). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.
experimental Group
In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
Control Group
In an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment, contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effects of the treatment
Random Assignment
Assigning participants to experimental & control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups.
Independent Variable
In an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
Confounding Variable
In an experiment, a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect
Dependent Variable
In an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated